How cyber attackers get into a school

Schools today are increasingly targeted by cyber attackers who use sophisticated methods to breach networks and steal or manipulate sensitive data. A cyber attack can have severe consequences, leading to financial losses, data breaches, and significant disruptions to school operations. This article outlines the tactics commonly used by cyber attackers to access school networks and provides actionable strategies for schools to strengthen their defenses and protect their data.

Common cyber attack methods targeting schools

Malware attacks

Cyber attackers frequently use malware—malicious software designed to infiltrate, damage, or disrupt systems—to gain unauthorised access to school networks. Malware often makes its way into school systems when a staff member or student unknowingly downloads a malicious attachment or clicks on a compromised link. Attackers may achieve this through “social engineering,” where they manipulate individuals into downloading malware by disguising it as a legitimate file or link. Once inside, malware can compromise sensitive data, damage network functionality, and even open the door for further exploitation by hackers.

Spear phishing

A common social engineering tactic used against schools is spear phishing, where cyber attackers craft convincing emails that appear to be from trusted sources, such as school administrators, educational organisations, or colleagues. These emails often include links or attachments that, when clicked, install malware on the device. Attackers often target school-owned email accounts to gain a foothold within the network, sending malware-infected messages to other staff and students. Once the malware infiltrates a device, it can spread throughout the network, exploiting weak security settings, outdated passwords, or misconfigured systems. It then relays critical network information back to the attacker, who uses it to escalate the attack.

Direct Human Hacking

Once malware identifies potential entry points, a human hacker often takes control to escalate their access. Their goal is to infiltrate deeper into the school’s systems, often to deploy ransomware—a type of malware that encrypts files and systems, rendering them unusable until a ransom is paid. Some attackers may also threaten to release sensitive data publicly if their demands are not met, further pressuring schools to comply.

Actionable strategies to protect your school's network

To safeguard against these cyber threats, schools should adopt proactive cybersecurity measures. Below are detailed recommendations to enhance network security:

1. Cybersecurity education and training: 
   • Conduct regular cybersecurity training for both staff and students to help them identify potential threats such as phishing emails, suspicious links, and unknown attachments.
   • Implement simulated phishing exercises to test and reinforce awareness of cyber threats. Encourage students and staff to report any suspicious activities immediately.
2. Up-to-date anti-virus and anti-malware protection:
   • Equip all school devices with advanced anti-virus and anti-malware software. Ensure that this software is updated regularly to recognise and protect against new and emerging threats.
   • Schedule routine scans of devices and networks, and implement alerts for any detection of malware.
3. Enforce strong password policies and regular updates:
   • Require strong, unique passwords for all user accounts and mandate regular password changes to reduce the risk of unauthorised access.
   • Replace any default passwords immediately after device setup. Using complex, randomised passwords for administrative accounts can significantly limit access points for attackers.
4. Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
   • Deploy MFA on all systems, especially for critical accounts and administrative access. MFA adds an additional layer of security, requiring users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access.
5. Firewall and network restrictions: 
   • Regularly review firewall settings to ensure only necessary services and ports are accessible from outside the school network. Restricting unnecessary services reduces potential entry points for attackers.
   • Establish strict access controls, limiting network access based on roles, needs, and trusted devices.
6. Network segmentation:
   • Segment the school’s network to isolate different systems and users. For example, separate administrative systems from student systems, or restrict access to sensitive databases.
   • Network segmentation makes it more challenging for attackers to move laterally through the network if they gain access, minimising the scope of potential damage.

9ine helps schools strength systems

Schools should consider investing in advanced cybersecurity solutions that can detect and block potential threats. These solutions include security and systems audits, cyber security testing, next-generation firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and security information and event management (SIEM) systems.

Investing in practical professional development for the school IT team can help them understand the technical and operational changes required to protect the school system. The 9ine Tech Academy is one such training program that can help IT teams learn new skills and knowledge about cybersecurity.

With cyber threats on the rise, schools must adopt a proactive approach to cybersecurity. By implementing robust security measures, educating staff and students, and leveraging advanced cybersecurity tools, schools can significantly reduce their risk of cyber attacks. Following these recommended steps, schools can protect sensitive data, prevent operational disruptions, and ensure a safer digital learning environment.